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16 Blockchain versus

IOTA Tangle for

Internet of Things

The Best Architecture

C. P. Igiri, Deepshikha Bhargava,

C. Udanor and A. R. Sowah

CONTENTS

16.1 Introduction to Distributed Ledger Technology and Internet of Things.......260

16.1.1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology............................................260

16.1.2 Introduction to IOTA Technology..................................................... 261

16.1.3 Introduction to Internet of Things.....................................................262

16.2 Description of Blockchain and IOTA Architecture.......................................263

16.2.1 Data Structure....................................................................................263

16.2.2 Consensus Protocol............................................................................264

16.2.3 IoT Architecture and Connectivity....................................................264

16.2.3.1 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)..............................265

16.2.3.2 Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)....................265

16.2.3.3 Cellular (3G/4G/5G) Networks...........................................266

16.2.3.4 ZigBee.................................................................................266

16.2.3.5 WiFi....................................................................................266

16.2.3.6 Bluetooth.............................................................................266

16.2.4 Design and Operational Architecture................................................267

16.2.4.1 Application Layer................................................................268

16.2.4.2 Network Layer....................................................................268

16.2.4.3 Perception Layer.................................................................268

16.2.4.4 Business Layer....................................................................269

16.2.4.5 Processing Layer.................................................................269

16.2.4.6 Transport Layer...................................................................269

16.2.4.7 Device Capability Exposure (DCE)...................................269

16.3 Review of Related Works..............................................................................270

16.3.1 Related Work in Blockchain Technology..........................................270

16.3.2 Related Works on IOTA.................................................................... 271

16.3.3 IoT Background and Related Works.................................................. 271

DOI:  10.1201/9781003138082-16